Systems and methods for applying game mechanics to the completion of tasks by users

ABSTRACT

The methods and systems described herein provide for effective and efficient completion of tasks by users of a computing device. Specifically, the present invention provides users with a proprietary workflow for timing the completion of a task by a user and scoring a user&#39;s ability to complete a task within a predetermined length of time. One exemplary embodiment provides for managing the completion of tasks in a task list, timing a user&#39;s ability to complete certain tasks, and providing feedback to the user according to their progress.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/175,274, filed Jul. 1, 2011, which is herein incorporated byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Users of information technology are increasingly required to accomplishmore and more tasks through their computers. Examples of such tasksinclude, but are not limited to, responding to electronic messages,reviewing documents, drafting documents, sending or responding tocommunications, or any other typical tasks accomplished by informationworkers through their computers, mobile phones, or other electronicdevices.

The growth in electronic communications allows individuals andbusinesses to communicate more efficiently and to a degree notpreviously conceivable by prior communication mediums. E-mail and otherforms of electronic messaging have almost completely supplantedtelephonic, written, and in-person modes of communication on a day today basis. The onset of social networking platforms, as well as themobile web, has further driven the extent to which society relies oncommunication via electronic messaging. A variety of platforms, softwaresolutions, and service providers exist to facilitate such electronicmessaging. Meanwhile, users have sought out ways to organize and managethe completion of other tasks through applications and programs thatprovide task list management solutions.

In the context of E-mail, numerous providers of E-mail services exist.Most large corporations host their own E-mail servers for managingE-mail. Many online services, such as Hotmail (Microsoft), Gmail(Google), or Yahoo! provide hosted E-mail solutions to individualconsumers and businesses.

Conventional methods for interfacing with electronic messaging systemstypically involve the use of an inbox where new messages appear. A useropens a window in a program or navigates to a particular website, and ispresented with a listing of messages. The user may then open aparticular message, delete it, archive it, move it into a differentfolder or label it in some fashion. Typically, users may read aparticular message, and then simply leave the message in their inbox.

While most E-mail programs refer to the default folder or collection fornew messages as an “inbox”, the concept of an “inbox” can be generalizedto situations where a folder is not explicitly labeled as an “inbox”. Aninbox is simply a collection of electronic messages. The messages may benew messages, unread messages, read messages, or combination of new,unread, or read messages. Some E-mail programs allow users to set“rules” for managing E-mail. These rules can automatically route newmessages to different folders or collections without placing the messagein the folder or collection labeled by default as the “inbox.” In suchsituations, the folder or collection to which the new message is routedmay act as an inbox.

The growth of electronic messaging has introduced novel problems inregards to how best to efficiently and effectively use electronicmessaging at a large scale. For example, employees can spend up to threehours a day simply using their E-mail programs, applications, orinterfaces to send, reply, or just manage their E-mail.

Conventional methods for effectively managing the growing number ofelectronic messages accumulating in inboxes include setting “rules” formanagement and routing of E-mail, automatically deleting E-mails,applying spam filters, refusing E-mail from certain senders, onlyallowing E-mail from certain senders, labeling certain E-mails asimportant, dragging E-mails into pre-determined folders, or labelingmessages for future reference, action, or for archival purposes.Additionally, some individuals apply different methodological approachesto handling their E-mail in order to maximize efficiency. One suchapproach is the “inbox zero” methodology, which dictates that usersattempt to maintain an inbox without any messages in it. Applying thismethod, a user immediately acts upon each E-mail in an inbox until allare removed from the inbox. For example, a user may log on to hiselectronic messaging service provider and discover 5 new messages.Applying the “inbox zero” methodology the user deletes 3 of themessages, replies to one message and then archives it, and drags thelast message into a folder which might be labeled “For Follow Up” orsomething similar for future action. At the end of this session, theuser has zero messages in his inbox, and will thus presumably have asmall number of new messages awaiting him or her upon next log on.Applying such a methodology reduces the risk that at any particularmoment in time the user will suffer from “E-mail overload”. E-mailoverload comprises a state where the inbox becomes so full with newmessages that the user becomes incapable of properly addressing eachmessage. E-mail overload can lead to loss of productivity, unnecessarystress, or missing important information and deadlines.

Conventional methods for effectively managing tasks also do not provideeffective incentives for users to complete tasks effectively andefficiently. Typical software solutions that encourage the completion oftasks include various providers of task-list software. This softwareallows users to set deadlines, list tasks, and schedule reminders. Suchsolutions include Microsoft Office's “Tasks” feature, Google Inc.'s“Google Tasks” service, and the “Remember the Milk” service available athttp://www.rememberthemilk.com. Present solutions however, do notprovide for an effective and fun method for enticing the completion oftasks.

SUMMARY

Applicants have appreciated that available technology for creatingincentives for users to complete various tasks does not provide userswith effective means for quickly and efficiently completing tasks. Forexample, Microsoft Outlook's “Tasks” feature provides and exemplaryexisting means for completing tasks. A user may create a new task; labelit something such as “Draft Memorandum”, “Review Documents”, or “Replyto Message”; set a date by which it should be completed; and set outlookcalendar reminders to remind them. In some circumstances, a task mayturn red when it is overdue, creating an indicator that a user hasfallen behind on accomplishing a particular task. Presently availablesystems or methods do not provide means for timing the completion oftasks by users, enticing users to accomplish those tasks, and scoring auser's performance in regards to how effectively and efficiently userscomplete tasks according to the time necessary to complete them.Managing electronic messages provides a good example of one embodimentof the present disclosure. In such an embodiment, the task at issue maybe the selection of an action to be applied to a message.

Applicants have further appreciated that available technology formanaging electronic messages does not provide users with effective meansfor keeping their inboxes under control. Traditional systems and methodsfor managing electronic messages are focused on providing users with aplurality of tools for customizing organization of their inboxes.However, no tools provide users with a comprehensive interface foreffectively managing messages in a manner which automatically enhancesproductivity and increases enjoyment, while preventing or recoveringfrom message overload. Additionally, no presently available toolsprovide users with an interface capable of enforcing a particularworkflow or methodology for managing electronic messages. E-mailproductivity methodologies such as “inbox zero” lack a technologicalenforcement mechanism by which users are compelled to clean out theirinboxes, rather, the implementation of such methodologies are entirelyup to the user. Moreover, such methodologies fail to provide for anenjoyable experience while managing electronic messages.

Applicants have also appreciated that game mechanics which provide userswith positive or negative feedback are useful for creating incentivesfor users to accomplish goals. In the context of managing electronicmessages, applicants have discovered that by using game mechanics tocreate incentives for users to remove messages from an inbox, users cansignificantly increase productivity while enhancing the enjoyment ofmanaging their inbox.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a computer baseduser interface is provided to a user for managing electronic messagesthrough the use of game mechanics. The interface provides a message froman inbox to a user. The interface further provides a plurality ofactions which may be applied to the message. The interface determinesthat a user has selected one of said actions. The interface thendetermines a score for the user based, at least in part, on the timeelapsed between displaying the contents of the message and a period oftime after selection of the action.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, a method formanaging electronic messages through the use of game mechanics isprovided. A message from an inbox is provided to a user. A plurality ofactions which may be applied to the message are further provided to auser. A determination that a user has selected one of said actions ismade. A score for the user is then determined based, at least in part,on the time elapsed between displaying the contents of the message and aperiod of time after the selection of the action.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, at least onenon-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, encoded with aplurality of instructions that, when executed, perform a method formanaging electronic messages through the use of game mechanics. Themethod may comprise: providing a message from an inbox to a user;providing the user with a plurality of actions which may be applied tothe message; determining that a user has selected one of said actions;and determining a score for the user based, at least in part, on thetime elapsed between displaying the contents of the message and a periodof time after the selection of the action.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, a method formanaging electronic messages through the use of game mechanics isprovided, wherein: A message from an inbox is provided to a user.Information about related messages may also be provided to the user.Related messages and the message may be part of the same conversation. Atimer is displayed to a user. The timer may represent the amount of timeallocated for a user to select a particular action. The capability ofpausing the time may be provided to the user. A plurality of actionswhich may be applied to the message are provided to the user. Adetermination is made that a user has selected one of said actions. Theuser may have selected an action from the group consisting of “Reply”,“Reply All”, “Forward”, “Label”, “Defer”, “Archive”, “Delete”, or“Skip”. A score is determined for the user based, at least in part, onthe time elapsed between displaying the contents of the message and aperiod of time after selection of the action. The score may bedetermined based, at least in part, on the contents of the message. Thescore may be determined based, at least in part, on the action selectedby the user. The score may be determined based, at least in part, on ameasure of the complexity of the message. A representation of how manymessages remain in either a predetermined subset of the inbox or theentire inbox is provided to the user. Positive feedback is provided tothe user at a point in time after the selection of an action by theuser. The positive feedback may comprise an image, series of images, apositive statement, video, or audio. Upon completion of the selectedaction, the message is removed from the inbox. A new message from theinbox, or from a predetermined subset of the inbox, is provided to theuser, if one exists.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, a method formanaging electronic messages through the use of game mechanics whereinnegative feedback in response to the total elapsed time from providing amessage to the user and a time before a user selects an action isprovided to the user. The negative feedback may comprise an image, achange in display color, flashing colors, flashing text, audio, video, astatement, a pop-up window, or displaying a negative score.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, a method fordynamically updating a timer which may be incorporated into a method formanaging electronic messages through the use of game mechanics isprovided. A message from an inbox of a user is received. A measure ofthe complexity of the contents of the message is determined. Anappropriate length of time for a user to select an action to be appliedto the message is determined. The appropriate length of time may bedetermined based, at least in part, on the measure of complexity. Atimer displayed to the user is updated with the determined appropriatelength of time.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, a method fordeferring a message which may be incorporated into a method for managingelectronic messages through the use of game mechanics is provided. Adetermination is made that a user has selected an action to defer amessage. The contents of the message are evaluated. A suggested time atwhich to return the message to the inbox is determined. The suggestedtime may be determined based, at least in part, on the contents of themessage. The suggested time is suggested to the user. The selection of aselected time at which to return the message to the inbox is received.The message is removed from the inbox. The message is stored at alocation until the selected time. The message is returned to the inboxat the selected time.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a method for timingthe completion of tasks by users is provided. An appropriate length oftime for a user to complete a task is determined. A timer with thedetermined time is displayed to a user. The timer is updated to reflectthe passage of time. A determination is made that a user has completedthe task. A score for the user is determined based, at least in part, onthe passage of time. A score for the user may also be determined based,at least in part, on the time remaining on the timer. The task may be atask stored by a task list program. The task may be a task stored by atask list service provider. The task may be a task that is not stored byeither a task list program or task list storage provider.

Throughout this disclosure, reference may be made to E-mail as anexemplary form of electronic message to which the inventions of thepresent disclosure may be applied. However, it is understood by onehaving ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure could beeasily adapted to any form of electronic message. Other possibleelectronic messages to which the invention of the present disclosure maybe applied include proprietary messaging platforms, such as thoseprovided by social networking platforms. Examples of such electronicmessaging platforms include the “Messages” component of Facebook, the“InMail” component of LinkedIn, the “Direct Message” component ofTwitter, as well as other proprietary messaging formats. The inventionof the present disclosure may also be applied to text messagingtechnologies, such as SMS.

It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing conceptsand additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided suchconcepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being partof the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, allcombinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of thisdisclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subjectmatter disclosed herein. It should also be appreciated that terminologyexplicitly employed herein that also may appear in any disclosureincorporated by reference should be accorded a meaning most consistentwith the particular concepts disclosed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The foregoing and other objects, aspects, features, and advantages ofthe disclosure will become more apparent and better understood byreferring to the following description taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a system for managing electronic messages,according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram of a system for providing a user interface toa user for managing electronic messages, according to one embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system 100according to the present disclosure for executing computer executableinstructions performed by processing arrangement 110 and/or a computingarrangement 110, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for managing electronic messagesusing game mechanics, according to one embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 4A-4B are flow diagrams of methods for managing electronicmessages using game mechanics, according to one embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIGS. 5A-5B are flow diagrams of methods for determining scores forusers which may be incorporated into methods for managing electronicmessages using game mechanics, according to one embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a method for deferring a message which maybe incorporated into a methods for managing electronic messages usinggame mechanics, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7A-7C are flow diagrams of methods for updating a timer which maybe incorporated into a methods for managing electronic messages usinggame mechanics, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary user interface for providing methods of managingelectronic messages to users, according to one embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 9 is an exemplary user interface for providing methods of managingelectronic messages to users incorporating positive feedback, accordingto one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a methods for timing the completion oftasks by users according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings,similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless contextdictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in thedetailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting.Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made,without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matterpresented here. It will be readily understood that the aspects of thepresent disclosure, as generally described herein and illustrated in thefigures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a widevariety of different configurations, all of which are explicitlycontemplated and made part of this disclosure.

In reference now to FIG. 1A, a system for providing management ofelectronic messages through game mechanics is shown. Local machine 10may access a server 30 which may provide electronic message services toa user. Local machine 10 may be a desktop computer, a server, a laptop,a tablet computer, a smart phone, or any other computing device capableof running a user interface. The server 30 may be a single server, aplurality of servers, a server farm, or an of computing servicesprovided by a cloud based provider of computer services. Such aplurality of servers need not be located at the same location. In someembodiments, server 30 may be a plurality of servers operated by aplurality of different parties, entities, and service providers. Theserver 30 may be an electronic message server through which a user oflocal machine 10 may access electronic messages. Electronic messages maybe stored in message storage 50. The Network depicted in FIG. 1A may bea local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), some other form ofpublic or private network, or the Internet.

In some embodiments, message storage 50 may be located at local machine10 rather than at a server. In some embodiments, message storage 50 maybe distributed across local machine 10 and server 30. In someembodiments, message storage 50 may be replicated across a plurality oflocal machines 10 and servers 30.

In some embodiments, server 30 may be an E-mail server. In someembodiments, server 30 may be running Microsoft Exchange E-mail serversoftware. In other embodiments, server 30 may be part of a hosted E-mailprovider, such as the Gmail service presently provided by Google, Inc.,the Hotmail service presently offered by Microsoft, or numerous othersimilar online services for providing users with access to electronicmessages.

In some embodiments, server 30 may be providing a user with aproprietary electronic messaging platform. For example, server 30 may beproviding a user with the “Messages” feature offered by Facebook, Inc;the “InMail” feature provided by LinkedIn, or the “Direct Message”feature provided by Twitter. Numerous other proprietary messagingplatforms are contemplated within the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, server 30 may be providing a user with access tovoicemail services. In some embodiments, server 30 may be providing auser with electronically recorded audio voicemails. In some embodiments,server 30 may be providing a user with access transcribed voicemails. Insome embodiments, server 30 may be providing a user with access to textmessages, such as those utilizing the SMS protocol, or any other textmessage protocol.

The systems an methods of the present disclosure may be performedentirely at local machine 10, entirely at server 30, or on somecombination of local machine 10 and server 30. In some embodiments, allthe services that may be provided by server 30 may be provided by localmachine 10, or a combination of local machine 10 and server 30. In someembodiments, all the service that may be provided by local machine 10may be provided by server 30, or a combination of local machine 10 andserver 30.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, electronic messagesstored at message 30 may be organized into different folders, labels,categorizations, collections, or any other manner of categorizing andorganizing electronic messages. By default, most electronic messagingsolutions provide that new messages are received and stored on behalf ofthe user at a particular folder, label, category, collection, or anyother identifier for categorizing and organizing electronic messages. Inthe context of E-mail, most E-mail solutions provide that this defaultfolder, label, category, collection, or any other identifier forcategorizing and organizing electronic messages is identified as an“inbox.” Users of E-mail generally check their inbox for new messagesand then reply, forward, delete, or archive their messages accordingly.

The concept of an inbox is generally applicable to all electronicmessaging platforms beyond E-mail, and can be generalized as any folder,label, category, collection or any other identifier for categorizing andorganizing electronic messages. For example, many users of E-mailutilize a “For Follow Up” folder to which they move E-mails to from thedefault “Inbox”. The user generally intends to follow up on theseE-mails or perform some action on them at a later time. It would beunderstood by those skilled in the art that in such a situation, the“For Follow Up” folder may be a relevant inbox for the purposes ofpracticing the present disclosure, in addition to the default “Inbox”provided by the electronic messaging service. In some embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the default folder, label, category, collection, orother identifier for categorizing and organizing electronic messages into which new messages are placed may not be labeled as an “Inbox”.

In reference now to FIG. 1B, a block diagram of an embodiment of asystem for providing management of electronic messages through the useof game mechanics is depicted. A user interface 15 is provided to theuser for performing the invention of the present disclosure. The userinterface 15 is in communication with message storage 50. The userinterface 15 and message storage 50 may be located on the same machineor on different machines. The user interface 15 may operate on localmachine 10, server 30, or a combination of local machine 10 and server30. The user interface 15 and message storage 50 may be in communicationover a network. Electronic messages my be organized into folders,labels, categories, collections or by any other means for categorizingand organizing electronic messages at the user interface 15, at messagestorage 50, at server 30, or any one or combination of these. In someembodiments, user interface 15 may operate as a third-party intermediarybetween the user and his or her electronic message provider. In suchembodiments, the user interface 15 may operate on a third party server30, the electronic message service provider's servers 30, on localmachine 10, or a combination of all of these.

In reference now to FIG. 2, a block diagram of an exemplary embodimentof a system capable of implementing the present disclosure is shown. Forexample, an exemplary procedure in accordance with the presentdisclosure can be performed by a processing arrangement 110 and/or acomputing arrangement 110. Such processing/computing arrangement 110 canbe, e.g., entirely or a part of, or include, but not be limited to, acomputer/processor that can include, e.g., one or more microprocessors,and use instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium (e.g., RAM,ROM, hard drive, or other storage device).

As shown in FIG. 2 a computer-accessible medium 120 (e.g., as describedherein, a storage device such as a hard disk, floppy disk, memory stick,CD-ROM, RAM, ROM, etc., or a collection thereof) can be provided (e.g.,in communication with the processing arrangement 110). Thecomputer-accessible medium 120 may be a non-transitorycomputer-accessible medium. The computer-accessible medium 120 cancontain executable instructions 130 thereon. In addition oralternatively, a storage arrangement 140 can be provided separately fromthe computer-accessible medium 120, which can provide the instructionsto the processing arrangement 110 so as to configure the processingarrangement to execute certain exemplary procedures, processes andmethods, as described herein, for example.

In reference now to FIG. 3, an embodiment of a method for managingelectronic messages through the use of game mechanics is depicted. Amessage from an inbox is provided to a user by displaying the message tothe user 301. The user is provided with a plurality of actions that maybe applied to the message. These actions may include the actions ofReply 311, Reply All 312, Forward 313, Label 314, Defer 315, Archive316, Delete 317, or Skip 318. The user may then select one of saidactions to be applied to an E-mail. Other possible actions notexplicitly included are further contemplated by the present disclosure.Any method or process which may be applied to a message is a possibleaction which the user may select. The concept of labeling 314 a messagemay alternatively be referred to as categorizing or moving a message.Such labeling, categorizing, or moving may take the message out of therelevant inbox by removing an association of the relevant inbox with themessage and adding an association with some other folder, label,category, collection or any other identifier for categorizing andorganizing electronic messages. The concept of archiving 316 a messagemay be a subset of the labeling 314 action.

In further reference to FIG. 3, if the user selects to reply 311 orreply all 312 to the message, the user is provided an opportunity tocompose 321 a reply message. Once the user finishes composing a replymessage, the message may be sent 322. The original message may then beremoved from the relevant inbox 323. In some embodiments, a replymessage may be sent 322 after the message is removed from the inbox 323.In some embodiments a score may be calculated 305 at any time after theselection of an action by a user. This includes immediately afterselection, after allowing a user to compose a reply 321, after sending322 the reply, or after removing the message from the inbox 323.

In further reference to FIG. 3, if the user selects to forward 313 themessage, the user is provided an opportunity to compose 331 a message toaccompany the forwarded message. In some embodiments, the message isthen forwarded 332. In some embodiments, the original message is thenremoved from the relevant inbox 333. In some embodiments a score may becalculated 305 at any time after the selection of an action by a user.This includes immediately after selection, after allowing a user tocompose a message 331, after sending 332 the reply, or after removingthe message from the inbox 333.

In further reference to FIG. 3, if the user selects to label 314 themessage, the user is provided an opportunity to change the associationof the message from that of the relevant inbox. The user may indicate anew association for the message based upon any means for organizing andcategorizing electronic messages. Including moving the message to adifferent folder, assigning a new or different label for the message,assigning a new or different category for the message, putting themessage in a new or different collection, or utilizing and other new ordifferent identifier for the message utilizing any other means forcategorizing or organizing messages. In some embodiments, such labeling314 may immediately remove the message from the relevant inbox. In otherembodiments, an additional step of removing the message from the mailboxafter labeling 314 may be required.

In further reference to FIG. 3, if the user selects to defer 315 themessage, the user is provided with an opportunity to defer the message.Deferring 315 the message may refer to any means for delaying futureaction on the message by the user. One embodiment of deferring a messageis the “Boomerang” feature offered Baydin, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif.In some embodiments, after the selection of an action to defer 315 themessage by a user, a suggested time at which to return the message tothe relevant inbox is suggested 351 to the user. In some embodiments, auser is then requested to select a time at which to return the messageto the relevant inbox. In some embodiments, the selection of a time atwhich to return the message to the relevant inbox by the user isreceived 352. In some embodiments, the message is removed 353 from theinbox for return at the selected time. In some embodiments, the messagemay be removed 353 from the inbox at any time after the selection of anaction by a user. In some embodiments, the message may be removed 353from the inbox after suggesting a time to the user. In some embodiments,a score may be determined 305 for a user at any time after the selectionof an action by a user.

In further reference to FIG. 3, if the user selects to archive 316 themessage, the message may be archived. In some embodiments, archiving amessage may change an identifier associated with the message to aparticular folder, label, category, collection, or other identifier fora means to categorize or organize messages used for archival purposes.In some embodiments, archiving a message may automatically remove itfrom the relevant inbox. In other embodiments, removing the message froman inbox may require an additional step.

In further reference to FIG. 3, if the user select to delete 317 themessage, the message may be deleted and thus removed from the relevantinbox. If the user selects to skip 318 the message, nothing is done withthe message.

In further reference to FIG. 3, at some time after the selection of anaction by a user, a score for the user is determined 305. The score maybe determined 305 based, at least in part, on the time elapsed betweendisplaying the contents of the message and a period of time afterselection of the action. In some embodiments of the present disclosure,a user may obtain a higher score by spending less time between thedisplay of the message and selection of an action. In some embodiments,the user may obtain a bad score by spending too much time betweendisplay of the mesage and selection of an action. In some embodiments,the score may be determined 305 base, at least in part, on a timer. Insome embodiments, the time may be set according to a predeterminedlength of time for a user to select and action. In some embodiments auser may be able to pause the timer. In some embodiments, the timer maybe paused automatically in response to a determination that a user needsmore time. In some embodiments, the timer maybe paused in response to adetermination that a user has started to perform some other task. Insome embodiments the score may be determined 305 based, at least inpart, on whether the user paused the timer. In some embodiments, timemay be added to the timer in response to a user's selection of an actionwhich may require the user to spend additional time completing theaction. Such embodiments include embodiments where a user may haveselected the action of Reply, Reply All, or Forward. Additionalembodiments encompassing actions where a user may require additionaltime to compose a message or perform some other task in order tocomplete the action are contemplated by the present disclosure. A scoremay be determined 305 based, at least in part, on additional time addedto a timer. In some embodiments, a score may be determined 305 based, atleast in part, on which action a user selected.

In further reference to FIG. 3, positive feedback may be provided 308 toa user at any time after the selection of an action by a user. In someembodiments, the positive feedback may comprise the score determined 305for the user. In some embodiments, the positive feedback may be providedbefore the determination 305 of a score. In some embodiments, positivefeedback may be provided more than once for a given message. In someembodiments, the positive feedback may include a statement, image,video, audio, slideshow, score, animation, or any one or combination ofthese.

In some embodiments, negative feedback may be provided to a user based,at least in part, on the determination 305 of a score for the user. Insome embodiments, negative feedback may be provided based on a user'sselection to skip a message.

In further reference to FIG. 3, a determination 390 is made as towhether more message remain in a predetermined subset of the relevantinbox. In some embodiment, the predetermined subset of the relevantinbox may comprise the entirety of the relevant inbox. In someembodiments, the predetermined subset of the relevant inbox may comprisea given number of messages initially selected form the relevant inboxfor the application of the systems and methods of the presentdisclosure. If more messages remain, then the next message is displayed301 to the user.

In further reference to FIG. 3, if a determination 390 that no moremessages remain, results of the current session may be returned to theuser. These results may include an overall total score for the session,an overall all-time score for repeated use of the systems and methods ofthe present disclosure, and positive or negative feedback. In someembodiments, the results may include metrics for use of the systems andmethods of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the results mayinclude a graph charting a user's improved use of the systems andmethods described in the present disclosure.

In some embodiments of FIG. 3, a user may pause a timer at any point inthe flow. In some embodiments, pausing a timer may have no effect ondetermining 305 a score for the user. In other embodiments, pausing atimer may have an effect on determining 305 a score for a user. In someembodiments, pausing a timer may have no effect on providing 308positive feedback to a user. In other embodiments, pausing a timer mayhave an effect on providing 308 positive feedback to a user.

In some embodiments of FIG. 3, a user may be provided with the option ofperforming an action on a plurality of messages at once. For example, auser may be able to archive, forward, or delete a plurality of messagesat once. In some embodiments, a plurality of messages to which to applya particular action is determined. In some embodiments, a plurality ofmessages to which to apply a particular action is determinedautomatically. In some embodiments, a plurality of messages to which toapply a particular action is determined according to the contents ofthose messages. In some embodiments, a plurality of messages to which toapply a particular action is determined according to the sender and/orrecipients of the messages. In some embodiments, a plurality of messagesto which to apply a particular action is determined based, at least inpart, on a user's prior selection of an action to apply to a message. Insome embodiments, a plurality of messages to which to apply a particularaction is determined based, at least in part, on a user's priorselection of actions to apply to a prior messages.

In reference now to FIG. 4A, a method for managing electronic messagesthrough the use of game mechanics is depicted. A message from an inboxis provided 402 to a user. The user is provided 404 with a plurality ofactions which may be applied to the message. In some embodiments, theuser is provided with a suggested action to perform. In someembodiments, the suggested action may be determined based, at least inpart, on the content of the message. A determination 406 is made that auser has selected one of said actions. A score is determined 408 for theuser based, at least in part, on the time elapsed between displaying thecontents of the message and the completion of the action.

The concept of a score which may be determined for a user may begeneralized as any indicator of progress. In some embodiments, thedetermined score may be selected from a group of possible score options.In some embodiments, the determined score may be a numerical score. Insome embodiments, such a score may be referred to as points. In someembodiments, the determined score may be a statement. In someembodiments, a score may be determined based on a numerical calculation.In some embodiments, a score may be determined based, at least in part,on a plurality of settings which have previously been selected by theuser. In some embodiments where a score is numerical, the score may beeither positive or negative. In some embodiments, a score may beselected from the group consisting of “Good”, “Very Good”, “Bad”,“Great”, “Perfect”, “Horrible”, “Poor”, or “You're EmbarrassingYourself”.

In reference now to FIG. 4B, a method for managing electronic messagesthrough the use of game mechanics is depicted. A message from an inboxis provided 402 to a user. A plurality of actions which may be appliedto the message are provided 404 to the user. A determination 406 is madethat the user has selected one of said actions. The message from theinbox is removed 407 upon completion of the action. A score isdetermined 408 based, at least in part, on the time elapsed betweendisplaying the contents of the message and a period of time afterselection of the action. The user is provided 409 with positive feedbackat a time after the selection of an action by a user. A new message fromthe inbox is provided to the user 410.

In reference now to FIG. 5A, a method for determining a score which maybe incorporated into a method for managing electronic messages throughthe use of game mechanics is depicted. A determination 502 is made thatan action to be applied to a message has been selected by a user. Thetime elapsed from display of the message to selection of an action by auser is determined 504. A score for the user based, at least in part, onthe time elapsed is determined 506.

In reference now to FIG. 5B, a method for determining a score which maybe incorporated into a method for managing electronic messages throughthe use of game mechanics is depicted. A determination 503 is made thatan action to be applied to a message has been selected by a user. Thepercentage of time elapsed from display of the message to the selectionof an action by a user relative to a predetermined time allocated for auser to select an action is determined 505. A score for the user based,at least in part, on the percentage of time elapsed is determined. Insome embodiments, the predetermined time allocated for a user to selectan action may be represented by a timer displayed to a user. In someembodiments, the predetermined time allocated for a user to select anaction may not be displayed to a user. In some embodiments thepredetermined time allocated for a user to select an action may bedetermined based on the contents of the message. In some embodiments,the predetermined time allocated for a user to select an action may bedetermined based on a measure of complexity of the message. In someembodiments, the predetermined time allocated for a user to select anaction may change. In some embodiments, the predetermined time allocatedfor a user to select an action may change in response to selection of aparticular action by a user. In some embodiments, the predetermined timeallocated for a user to select an action may be added to if a userselects an action requiring the completion of additional tasks by theuser. In some embodiments, the predetermined time allocated for a userto select an action may be added to if a user selects to reply, replyall, forward, or label a message.

In reference now to FIG. 6, a method for deferring a message which maybe incorporated into a method for managing electronic messages throughthe use of electronic messages is depicted. A determination 602 is madethat a user has selected an action to defer a message. The contents ofthe message are evaluated 604. A suggested time at which to return themessage to the inbox based, at least in part, on the contents of themessage is determined 606. The suggested time is suggested 608 to theuser. The selection of a selected time at which to return the message tothe inbox is received 610. The message is removed 612 from the inbox.The message is stored 614 at a location other than the relevant inboxuntil the selected time. The message is returned 616 to the relevantinbox at the selected time.

In some embodiments, the sender of a message may be evaluated 604. Insome embodiments, the recipients of a message may be evaluated. In someembodiments, the evaluation 608 is accomplished by searching thecontents of the message for keywords. in some embodiments, theevaluation 608 is accomplished through the use of pattern recognition.In some embodiments, the evaluation 608 is accomplished throughlinguistic analysis. In some embodiments, the evaluation 608 isaccomplished through the application of a proprietary algorithm. In someembodiments, the suggested time at which to return the contents of themessage to the inbox may be determined 606 based on any item evaluated608.

In reference now to FIG. 7A, a method for updating a timer which may beincorporated into a methods for managing electronic messages using gamemechanics is depicted. A message from an inbox of a user is received702. An appropriate length of time for a user to select an action to beapplied to the message is determined 704. A timer displayed to a userwith the determined appropriate length of time is displayed 706 to theuser upon display, or in conjunction with, the display of the message tothe user.

In reference now to FIG. 7B, a method of a method for updating a timerwhich may be incorporated into a methods for managing electronicmessages using game mechanics is depicted. A determination 708 is madethat a user selected a particular action requiring that a useraccomplish additional tasks in order to complete the action. In someembodiments, such a selection may be one to reply, reply all, forward,or label the message. An appropriate length of time for a user tocomplete the tasks required to complete the action is determined 710. Insome embodiments, an appropriate length of time for a user to compose amessage is determined 710. A timer displayed to a user is updated 712with the determined appropriate length of time to accomplish the tasks.In some embodiments, a timer displayed to a user is updated 712 with thedetermined appropriate length of time upon allowing a user to compose amessage.

In reference now to FIG. 7C, a method for updating a timer which may beincorporated into a methods for managing electronic messages using gamemechanics is depicted. A message from an inbox of a user is received702. A measure of the complexity of the contents of the message isdetermined 703. An appropriate length of time for a user to select anaction to be applied to the message based, at least in part, on themeasure of complexity is determined 704. A timer displayed to a user isupdated 706 with the determined appropriate length of time upon displayof the message to the user.

In some embodiments, a measure of complexity may be determined 703 byevaluating the contents of the message. In some embodiments, a measureof complexity may be determined by applying a proprietary algorithm tothe contents of the message. In some embodiments, a measure ofcomplexity may be determined 703 by conducting a keyword search on thecontents of the message. In some embodiments, a measure of complexitymay be determined 703 based, at least in part, on the length of themessage. In some embodiments, a measure of complexity may be determined703 based solely on the length of the message. In some embodiments, ameasure of complexity may be determined based, at least in part, on thesender or recipients of the message. In some embodiments, the measure ofcomplexity may be a numerical value. in other embodiments, the measureof complexity may be a string or other statement. In some embodiments,the measure of complexity may be selected from a predetermined group ofa plurality of predetermined measures of complexity. In someembodiments, the measure of complexity may be selected from the group of“Low”, “Moderate”, “High”.

In reference now to FIG. 8, a screen capture of an exemplary userinterface 15 for performing the systems and methods of the presentdisclosure is depicted. A timer is displayed in the upper left handcorner of the interface representing the minutes and seconds for andetermined 704 appropriate amount of time for a user to select andaction. A pause button for pausing the timer is located directly abovethe timer. The gear icon in the upper right hand corner of the interfacerepresents a method for a user to access a settings page where the usermay set various personalized settings for utilizing the user interfacein performing the systems and methods of the present disclosure. Theshaded bar directly to the left of the gear demonstrates that “20conversations” remain in the predetermined subset of a relevant inbox onwhich the systems and methods described herein are being performed. Insome embodiments, the shaded bar may demonstrate the total number ofmessages remaining in the inbox, rather than a subset. In someembodiments, the shaded bay may demonstrate the total number of messagesremaining in the inbox excluding those that have already been displayedto the user during a particular session of utilizing the user interfacedepicted for performing the systems and methods of the presentdisclosure.

In further reference to FIG. 8, a circle in the upper right hand cornerof the interface displays the terms “3450” and “points” to a user. Thisdisplay represents a user's total score obtained by performing thesystems and methods of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, thetotal score may be representative of a total score for a particularsession of using the user interface. In some embodiments, the totalscore may be a representative of a total all-time score comprised of thesums of scores for every session the user has utilized the userinterface. In some embodiments, the total score may be representative ofthe sums of total score for a subset of sessions that the user hasutilized the user interface. In some embodiments, the display of a totalscore may be updated while a user utilizes the user interface.

In further reference to FIG. 8, a plurality of actions which may beapplied to a message are displayed both across the top of the interfaceand across the bottom. In some embodiments, the plurality of actions tobe applied to a message maybe displayed only once. In some embodiments,the plurality actions may be displayed on one or both sides of theinterface. In some embodiments, the plurality of actions may bedisplayed on the messages themselves. For example, the actions of reply,reply all, and forward are further displayed to the user on the windowof the message. In some embodiments, the plurality of actions may bedisplayed in a manner such that the actions are displayed in a mannerthat groups certain actions. For example, at the top of the userinterface of FIG. 8, reply all, forward, and label are grouped togetherwhile defer, skip, archive, and delete are grouped together.

In further reference to FIG. 8, a message is displayed in the center ofthe interface. The contents of the message may comprise a subject,sender, recipients, meta data, a body, or any other form of informationassociated with a message. In some embodiments, the message displayedmay be an E-mail. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, an E-mail message fromAye Moah to numerous recipients is displayed. Information from threerelated messages is also displayed. These four messages may be said tocomprise a conversation. A conversation may be generally understood asany collection of related messages. For example, a conversation may becomprised of an original message followed by sequential reply messagesbetween the correspondents. In such an embodiment, the conversation mayalso be referred to as an E-mail chain. Information about the time anddate a message was sent may also be displayed, as shown in FIG. 8. Insome embodiments, a single message may be associated with a large numberof related messages. In such embodiments, the user interface mayinitially provide the user with only a subset of information aboutrelated messages. In such embodiments, an option may be provided to auser for displaying all related messages. In such embodiments, a usermay select the option for displaying information from related messagesand information from related messages will be displayed.

In further reference to FIG. 8, a user may click on informationdisplayed from related messages, and the entirety of those relatedmessages may be displayed. In some embodiments, a user may display theentirety of a related message by clicking on an icon representative ofexpanding or collapsing a message. In FIG. 8, such an icon isrepresented by and upwards or downwards pointing triangle. In someembodiments, an upwards pointing triangle represents collapsing, orlimiting the view of the message. In some embodiments, a downwardsfacing triangle represents expanding the message, or allowing thedisplay if more information. In some embodiments, the timer may beupdated in response to a determination that a user has clicked oninformation displayed from related messages. In some embodiments, thetimer may be updated in response to a determination that additionalrelated messages have been displayed to a user.

In reference now to FIG. 9, a screen capture of an exemplary userinterface 15 for performing the systems and methods of the presentdisclosure is depicted. In some embodiments, the user interface maydisplay positive feedback by displaying a statement in some embodiments,the user interface may display positive feedback by displaying an image.In some embodiments, the user interface may display positive feedback bydisplaying a score in some embodiments, the score may be responsive to auser's selection of a particular action. The positive feedback depictedin FIG. 9 may be displayed at any time after the selection of an actionby a user. The positive feedback may be displayed either before or afterthe completion of the selected action. In some embodiments, a display ofnegative feedback may be provided to a user. In some embodiments, theuser interface may provide negative feedback by displaying a statement.In some embodiments, the user interface may provide negative feedback bydisplaying an image. In some embodiments, the user interface may providenegative feedback by displaying a negative effect to a user's score. Ina plurality of embodiments, negative or positive feedback may beprovided by any form of audio visual means capable of providing usereither positive or negative feedback to a user, including any audio andvisual means.

In reference now to FIG. 10, an embodiment of a method for timing usersto complete tasks is shown. An appropriate length of time for a user tocomplete a task is determined 552. In some embodiments, the length oftime for a user to complete a task is determined 552 based, at least inpart, on the complexity of the task. The determined time for a user tocomplete a task is displayed 554 to a user. A timer with the determinedtime is displayed 554 to a user. The time is updated 556 to reflect thepassage of time. A determination 558 is made that a user has completedthe task. A score for the user is determined 560 based, at least inpart, on the passage of time. In some embodiments, a score for a user isdetermined 560 based, at least in part, on the time remaining on thetimer. In some embodiments, a score for a user is determined 560 based,at least in part, on a measure of complexity of the task. In someembodiments, a timer may be displayed upon a user opening a task in atask list. In some embodiments, a timer may be displayed upon a useropening a file. In some embodiments, a timer may be displayed uponstarting an application. In some embodiments, an application may track auser's use of his or her computer and develop determinations of anappropriate time for a user to complete a task as a user opens or closesdifferent files or application. In some embodiments, the appropriatelength of time for completing an action may be determined according to apredetermined length of time set by the user. In some embodiments, adetermination 558 that a user has completed a task may be doneautomatically at the completion of said task by a user. In otherembodiments, a determination 558 that a user has completed a task ismade by receiving an indication by the user that the task has beencompleted.

Tasks may be generally understood as any activity which may beaccomplished by a user through a computing device, such as a computer,laptop, tablet computer, or mobile phone. In some embodiments, a taskmay be selecting an action to be applied to an electronic message. Insome embodiments, a task may be selecting an action to be applied to adocument. In some embodiments, a task may be removing a message from aninbox. In some embodiments, a task may be selecting an action to beapplied to an application. In some embodiments, a task may be reviewinga document. In some embodiments, a task may be drafting a document. Insome embodiments, a task may be reviewing or visiting a website. In someembodiments, a task may be collecting information from websites. In someembodiments, a task may be deleting files or folders. In someembodiments, a task may involve organizing or rearranging documents. Insome embodiments, a task may be the completion of a form or survey. Insome embodiments, a task may be the performance of some administrativefunction. In some embodiments, a task may be an item in a task listprovided by an application on the user's computer. In some embodiments,a task may be an item on a task list provided by some internet service.In some embodiments, a task may be an item on a task list provided by anonline service. In some embodiments, a task may be a task organized inMicrosoft Outlook's “Tasks” feature. In some embodiments, a task may bea task organized by the online service “Google Tasks” provided byGoogle, Inc. In some embodiments, a task may be a task organized by the“Remember the Milk” online service available athttp://www.rememberthemilk.com. In some embodiments, tasks may besynchronized with a user's calendar. In some embodiments, a task may beediting a document. In some embodiments, a task may be revising adocument. In some embodiments, a task is not store in a task list. Insome embodiments, an application may monitor a user's use of his or hercomputer to determined when the completion of tasks should be timed. Insome embodiments, a request by a user to time the completion of a taskmay be received.

In some embodiments, a task may be a task organized by a task listprogram. In some embodiments, a task may be a task organized by a tasklist service provider. In some embodiments, a task may be a taskorganized by a task list service provider. In some embodiments, a taskmay not be a organized by a task list program or service provider. Insome embodiments, an application may monitor the use of a user'scomputer and determine when the user begins performance of a task towhich the present disclosure may be applied.

In some embodiments, an appropriate length of time for a user tocomplete a task may be determined 552 based, at least in part, on auser's selection of a time by which to complete the task. In suchembodiments, times by which to complete the task may be suggested to theuser. In such embodiments, any systems and methods provided in thepresent disclosure for suggesting times in the context of electronicmessages apply more generally to suggesting times by which to complete atask. In some embodiments, a suggested time is determined based upon ameasure of the complexity of the task. In some embodiments, a suggestedtime is determined based upon the contents of a document if the taskinvolves a document.

The features of the present disclosure which may specifically refer toembodiments of the present invention as applied to the management ofelectronic messages apply with equal force to more generalizedembodiments of systems and methods for applying game mechanics to thecompletion of tasks. For example, systems and methods for deferringaction on tasks are contemplated by the present disclosure in similarfashion as described in the context of deferring action on electronicmessages. The various embodiments for determining scores in the contextof managing electronic messages are also contemplated in the context ofcompleting tasks. The various embodiments for timing a user's selectionof an action to be applied to an electronic message are alsocontemplated in the context of the completion of tasksby users. Each andevery feature and element of the present disclosure as described in thecontext of managing electronic messages is contemplated in the contextof completing tasks.

It is understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expresslyrequired, the steps of the various methods described herein need not beperformed in any particular order.

The various methods or processes outlined herein may be coded assoftware that is executable on one or more processors that employ anyone of a variety of operating systems or platforms. Additionally, suchsoftware may be written using any of a number of suitable programminglanguages and/or programming or scripting tools, and also may becompiled as executable machine language code or intermediate code thatis executed on a framework or virtual machine.

In this respect, various inventive concepts may be embodied as acomputer readable storage medium (or multiple computer readable storagemedia) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compactdiscs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, circuitconfigurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductordevices, or other non-transitory medium or tangible computer storagemedium) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one ormore computers or other processors, perform methods that implement thevarious embodiments of the invention discussed above. The computerreadable medium or media can be transportable, such that the program orprograms stored thereon can be loaded onto one or more differentcomputers or other processors to implement various aspects of thepresent invention as discussed above.

The terms “program”, “software”, or “application” are used herein in ageneric sense to refer to any type of computer code or set ofcomputer-executable instructions that can be employed to program acomputer or other processor to implement various aspects of embodimentsas discussed above. Additionally, it should be appreciated thataccording to one aspect, one or more computer programs that whenexecuted perform methods of the present invention need not reside on asingle computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modularfashion amongst a number of different computers or processors toimplement various aspects of the present invention.

Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as programmodules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally,program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, datastructures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modulesmay be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.

Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in anysuitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may beshown to have fields that are related through location in the datastructure. Such relationships may likewise be achieved by assigningstorage for the fields with locations in a computer-readable medium thatconvey relationship between the fields. However, any suitable mechanismmay be used to establish a relationship between information in fields ofa data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or othermechanisms that establish relationship between data elements.

Also, various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods,of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of themethod may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments maybe constructed in which acts are performed in an order different thanillustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, eventhough shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.

All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood tocontrol over dictionary definitions, definitions in documentsincorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the definedterms.

The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in thespecification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to thecontrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”

The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in theclaims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements soconjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some casesand disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with“and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” ofthe elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be presentother than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause,whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified.Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when usedin conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer,in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other thanB); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elementsother than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionallyincluding other elements); etc.

As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should beunderstood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. Forexample, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall beinterpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, butalso including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and,optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated tothe contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when usedin the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactlyone element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or”as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusivealternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded byterms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or“exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims,shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.

As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “atleast one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should beunderstood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more ofthe elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including atleast one of each and every element specifically listed within the listof elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the listof elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally bepresent other than the elements specifically identified within the listof elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether relatedor unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as anon-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “atleast one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) canrefer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including morethan one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements otherthan B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally includingmore than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elementsother than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionallyincluding more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including morethan one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.

In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitionalphrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,”“containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are tobe understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limitedto. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consistingessentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases,respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual ofPatent Examining Procedures, Section 2111.03.

1. A method for timing the completion of tasks by a user, the methodcomprising: determining an appropriate length of time for a user tocomplete a task in a task list; providing the determined length of timeto the user; updating the determined length of time according to thepassage of time; determining that a user has completed the task; anddetermining a score for a user based, at least, on the passage of time.2. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing the score to theuser upon the completion of the task.
 3. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising providing positive feedback to the user at a time after thecompletion of the task.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining ascore for the user is further based at least in part on the complexityof the task.
 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing a newtask in the task list to the user.
 6. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising providing a representation of a timer to a user which changesin response to the completion of the task.
 7. The method of claim 6,wherein the timer is set, at least in part, according to a measure ofthe complexity of the message.
 8. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising providing a representation of how many tasks remain in eithera predetermined subset of the task list or the entire task list.
 9. Themethod of claim 1 wherein a user selects an option to defer a task,further comprising: requesting that a user select a time at which toreturn the message to the task list; receiving the user's selection of atime at which to return the task to the task list; removing the messagefrom the task list; returning the message to the task list at the timeselected by the user.
 10. The method of claim 9 further comprisingproviding the user with a suggested time for returning the message tothe task list.
 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the suggested time isdetermined at least in part by the contents of the task.
 12. The methodof claim 1 further comprising providing negative feedback in response tothe passage of time prior to the completion of the task.
 13. The methodof claim 1 wherein the task list is provided by a task list program. 14.The method of claim 1 wherein the task list is provided by an internetor online service.
 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the task issynchronized with a user's calendar.
 16. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising monitoring of the user's use of a computer to determine whencompletion of tasks should be timed.
 17. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising suggesting an appropriate length of time for completing atask to a user.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the suggestedappropriate length of time is determined based in part on the complexityof the task.
 19. An apparatus for timing the completion of tasks by auser, the apparatus comprising: a memory to store processor-executableinstructions; and at least one processing unit communicatively coupledto the memory, wherein upon execution of the processor-executableinstructions, the at least one processing unit: determines anappropriate length of time for a user to complete a task in a task list;provides the determined length of time to the user; updates thedetermined length of time according to the passage of time; determinesthat a user has completed the task; and determines a score for a userbased, at least, on the passage of time.
 20. A computer-readable storagemedium encoded with computer-readable instructions that, as a result ofbeing executed by a computing device, control the computing device toperform a method for timing the completion of tasks by a user, themethod comprising: determining an appropriate length of time for a userto complete a task in a task list; providing the determined length oftime to the user; updating the determined length of time according tothe passage of time; determining that a user has completed the task; anddetermining a score for a user based, at least, on the passage of time.